的指导方针 Relating To Classroom Copying For Non-Profit Educational Use
The following excerpt from the legislative hi故事 of the 1976 Copyright Act establishes Congressionally endorsed guidelines relating to classroom copying for educational use:
“Agreement On 的指导方针 For Classroom Copying In Not-For-Profit Educational Institutions With Respect To Books And Periodicals.
The purpose of the following guidelines is to state the minimum standards for educational fair use under Section 107 of HR 2223. The parties agree that the conditions determining the extent of permissible copying for educational purposes may change in the future; that certain types of copying permitted under these guidelines may not be permissible in the future; and conversely that in the future other types of copying not permitted under these guidelines may be permissible under revised guidelines.
此外, the following statement of guidelines is not intended to limit the types of copying permitted under the standards of fair use under judicial decision and which are stated in Section 107 of the Copyright Revision Bill. There may be instances in which copying which does not fall within the guidelines stated below may nonetheless be permitted under the criteria of fair use.”
的指导方针
改编自国外博彩app.S. Copyright Office: Information Circulars and Fact Sheets: Circular 21: Reproductions of Copyrighted Works by Educators and Librarians (Circular 21).
单份复印供课堂使用
A single copy may be made of any of the following by or for a professor for his or her scholarly research or use in teaching or preparation to teach a class:
- 书中的一章
- 期刊或报纸上的文章
- A short 故事, short essay or short poem, whether or not from a collective work
- A chart, graph, diagram, drawing, cartoon, or picture from a book, periodical, or newspaper
多份副本供课堂使用
Multiple copies (not to exceed in any event more than one copy per pupil in a course) may be made by or for the professor giving the course for classroom use if:
- the copying meets the tests of brevity and spontaneity, and
- 复制满足累积效应检验，且
- 每份副本都包含版权声明
简洁
- 诗歌 — a complete poem if less than 250 words and if printed on not more than two pages; or an excerpt of not more than 250 words from a longer poem.
- 散文 -一篇完整的文章, 故事, 或少于2篇的文章,500个单词, or an excerpt from any 散文 work of not more than 1,000字或10%的工作, 取较小者, 但无论如何，至少500字. 这两种情况, the numerical limits may be expanded to complete an unfinished line of a poem or an unfinished paragraph of 散文.
- 插图 — One chart, graph, diagram, drawing, cartoon, or picture per book or per periodical issue.
- “特殊作品” -某些诗歌作品, 散文, or in "poetic 散文" (which often combine language with illustrations and are intended sometimes for children and at other times for a more general audience) fall short of 2,全文500字. 指南1. 和2. above do not apply to these “special works” and they cannot may not be reproduced in their entirety. An excerpt comprising not more than two of the published pages of the special work and containing not more than 10% of the words found in the text may be reproduced.
自发性
- The copying is at the instance and inspiration of the individual professor; and
- The inspiration and decision to use the work and the moment of its use for maximum teaching effectiveness are so close in time that it would be unreasonable to expect a timely reply to a request for permission.
累积效应
- The copies of the material are for only one course in the college, 学校, 或程序发起请求的副本.
- 在一个学期内, the aggregate material copied is not more than one short poem, article, 故事, 或文章, 或者同一作者的两篇节选, nor more than three from the same collective work or periodical volume.
- 一个学期内的任何一门课程, there cannot be more than nine instances of such multiple copying. (Note: the brevity limitations for 散文 and illustrations do not apply to current news periodicals and newspapers and current news sections of other periodicals.)
课堂指引下的一般禁止事项
Even if your copying may satisfy the guidelines outlined above, the following is prohibited:
- 不能使用复制进行创建, 或代替或代替, 选集, 编译, 或者集体作品. Replacement or substitution may occur even if you accumulate your copies and use them spaced out in time over the class term.
- You cannot copy all of parts of works intended to be "consumable" in the course of study or teaching. This category includes workbooks, exercises, standardized tests and test booklets, and answer sheets.
- Copying cannot (i) substitute for the purchase of books, 出版商的再版, or periodicals; (ii) be directed by higher authority; or (iii) be repeated for the same item by the same professor from term to term.
- If you are making copies yourself and providing them to students (rather than having the Reprographic Department make the copies), you cannot charge students more than the actual cost of the photocopying.